ABSTRACT
Wernicke's encephalopathy (WE) is a neurological disorder induced by a dietary vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency which is characterized by encephalopathy, gait ataxia, and variant ocular motor dysfunction. In addition to these classical signs of WE, a loss of the horizontal vestibulo-ocular reflex (VOR) is being reported as the major underdiagnosed symptoms in WE. In this retrospective single center study, we report four cases of WE initially presented with impaired horizontal VOR in addition to the classical clinical presentations, and imaging and neurotological laboratory findings were described.
Subject(s)
Ataxia , Brain Diseases , Dizziness , Gait Ataxia , Nervous System Diseases , Reflex , Reflex, Vestibulo-Ocular , Retrospective Studies , Thiamine , Wernicke EncephalopathyABSTRACT
Artery to artery embolism is one of the main causes of cerebral infarction, and it can originate from many locations. Here we report a case of cerebral infarction in which calcified cerebral emboli were detected in brain computed tomography (CT). The calcified emboli were thought to originate from a carotid plaque that showed calcification and ulceration. We present histologic and micro-CT findings of a carotid plaque as a source of artery to artery embolism.